Shopping during a revolution: entrepreneurs, retailers and 'white' identity in South Africa's democratic transition

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: The TRC; Commissioning the Past, 11-14 June, 199

Aspects of the failure of Bantu Education as a hegemonic strategy: school boards, school committees and educational politics 1955-1976

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: The Making of Class, 9-14 February, 198

The Mathematics of Collision and the Collision of Mathematics in the 17th Century

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, History and Philosophy of Science, 2015This dissertation charts the development of the quantitative rules of collision in the 17th century. These were central to the mathematization of nature, offering natural philosophy a framework to explain all the changes of nature in terms of the size and speed of bodies in motion. The mathematization of nature is a classic thesis in the history of early modern science. However, the significance of the dynamism within mathematics should not be neglected. One important change was the emergence of a new language of nature, an algebraic physico-mathematics, whose development was intertwined with the rules of collision. The symbolic equations provided a unified system to express previously diverse kinds of collision with a new representation of speed with direction, while at the same time collision provided a practical justification of the otherwise "impossible" negative numbers. In private manuscripts, Huygens criticized Descartes's rules of collision with heuristic use of Cartesian symbolic algebra. After he successfully predicted the outcomes of experiments using algebraic calculations at an early meeting of the Royal Society, Wallis and Wren extended the algebraic investigations in their published works. In addition to the impact of the changes in mathematics itself, the rules of collision were shaped by the inventive use of principles formulated by 'thinking with objects,' such as the balance and the pendulum. The former provided an initial framework to relate the speeds and sizes of bodies, and the latter was key both in the development of novel conservation principles and made possible experimental investigations of collision. This dissertation documents the formation of concepts central to modern physical science, and re-evaluates the mathematics of collision, with implications for our understanding of major figures in early modern science, such as Descartes and Huygens, and repercussions for the mathematization of nature

Assessing the potential for reopening a building stone quarry : Newbigging Sandstone Quarry, Fife

Newbigging Sandstone Quarry in Fife is one of a number of former quarries in the Burntisland- Aberdour district which exploited the pale-coloured Grange Sandstone from Lower Carboniferous rocks. The quarry supplied building stone from the late 19th century, working intermittently from 1914 until closure in 1937, and again when reopened in the 1970s to the 1990s. The stone was primarily used locally and to supply the nearby markets in the Scottish Central Belt. Historical evidence indicates that prior to sandstone extraction, the area was dominated by largescale quarrying and mining of limestone, and substantial sandstone quarrying is likely to have begun after the arrival of the main railway line in 1890. It is probable that removal of the sandstone was directly associated with limestone exploitation, and that the quarried sandstone was effectively a by-product of limestone production. Sandstone extraction was probably viable due to the existing limestone quarry infrastructure (workforce, equipment, transportation) and the high demand for building stone in Central Scotland in the late 19th century. The geology within Newbigging Sandstone Quarry is dominated by thick-bedded uniform sandstone with a wide joint spacing, well-suited for obtaining large blocks. However, a mudstone (shale) band is likely to be present within a few metres of the principal (north) face of the quarry, around which the sandstone bed thickness and quality is likely to decrease. The mudstone bed forms a plane sloping at a shallow angle to the north, so that expansion of the quarry in this direction is likely to encounter a considerable volume of poor quality stone. Additionally, an east-west trending fault is present approximately 100 metres north of the quarry face, which is also likely to be associated with poor quality (fractured) stone

The Principles of Logic.

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The role of the annual conference in the conservative party

The Conservative Party Conference originally developed, in the nineteenth century as the governing body of a working class grass roots party organisation which was largely promoted by the parliamentary leadership. Despite a gradual increase in middle class influence within the National Union and the efforts of Lord Randolph Churchill to turn the Conference into an instrument of grass roots control, the parliamentary party was able to retain a firmly independent position over policy making which has continued up to the present day and has strongly influenced the relationship between the grass roots party organisation and the parliamentary leadership. Both the composition of the modem Conference, which is largely dominated by self-selected middle class activists, and its size make it an unsuitable body for detailed policy making and this has tended to reinforce the leadership's traditional independence over the formulation of policy although the Conference has been able to directly influence a number of (mostly minor) matters and on a number of other issues it may well have had a more indirect effect. While the Conference has no real influence over the choice of party leader it provides him with a useful opportunity to communicate with the party’s supporters. The increased media coverage of the Conference has developed its importance as a part of the party's communications structure and although there is little evidence that the Conference has any very direct effect on voting behaviour it provides a valuable opportunity for the party to publicise its policies and its image to the electorate at large as distinct from the narrower audience of party activists inside the Conference Hall

The Market Economy Discourse on Education: Interpretation, Impact, and Resistance

This article suggests that the most serious threat posed to contemporary education is the deleterious impact that market economy policies have on current curriculum theory and development. It explores the market economy discourse on education that emerges internationally from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and domestically from private institutions such as the Conference Board of Canada (CBOC) and public ministries such as Industry Canada. These various organizations promote the market economy discourse on education by framing discussions on curriculum policy between government and business interests. By referring to the primary sources of the market economy discourse on education, then, this article draws attention to the global economic vision currently shaping Canadian schools and explores its impact on domestic education policy. Further, it proposes a means whereby those teachers holding a less intractable perspective on education might resist the current market economy siege on schools. Ironically, this approach involves using the critical tools appropriated by the market economy discourse on education in a manner entirely unintended and unforeseen by its supporters.Cet article propose que la menace la plus imposante qui plane sur le système éducatif contemporain consiste en l'impact néfaste des politiques d'économie de marché sur la théorie et le développement des programmes scolaires. On y étudie le discours de l'économie de marché sur l'éducation tel qu'il ressort au niveau international de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE), au niveau national d'institutions privées comme le Conference Board of Canada (CBOC) et des ministères publics comme Industrie Canada. Ces diverses organisations promeuvent l'application des politiques d'économie de marché sur l'éducation en abordant les discussions sur la politique curriculaire du point de vue des intérêts du gouvernement et des entreprises. En s'appuyant sur les sources primaires du discours d'économie de marché sur l'éducation, cet article fait ressortir la vision économique globale qui dicte actuellement l'orientation des écoles au Canada et étudie l'impact de celle-ci sur les politiques canadiennes sur l'éducation. De plus, l'article propose une façon pour les enseignants dont les perspectives sur l'éducation sont moins arrêtées de résister au siège actuel des écoles par l'économie de marché. Ironiquement, cette technique implique l'utilisation des outils critiques dont s'est approprié le discours d'économie de marché et ce, d'une manière tout à fait inattendue et imprévue par ses adeptes

Liberalizing Career Education: An Aristotelian Approach

Liberal education is traditionally defined in opposition to vocational study. This article proposes an expanded approach to liberal education that encompasses contemporary career preparation programs by implementing an Aristotelian intellectual virtue framework. Although liberal study typically reflects its lineage to theoretical wisdom, or sophia, it virtually ignores the fundamental role played by productive wisdom, or techne, in Aristotelian thought. By applying the intellectual virtue framework to various career education programs, areas of required reform are identified. Two central questions are addressed by the article: (a) how can career education be integrated into secondary school curriculum without compromising student agency and democratic citizenship? and (b) how can secondary school career education prepare students more effectively for the challenges of contemporary working life? The final section offers a series of proposals in response to these two key questions.L'on définit traditionnellement les études en arts libéraux par opposition aux études professionnelles. Cet article propose une interprétation élargie d'une éducation libérale qui englobe les programmes contemporains de formation au choix d'une carrière et ce, en appliquant un cadre aristotélicien de vertu intellectuelle. Bien que les arts libéraux reflètent typiquement leur lien à la sagesse théorique, ou sophia, ils font essentiellement abstraction du rôle fondamental que joue la sagesse productive, ou techne, dans la pensée aristotélicienne. L'application du cadre de vertu intellectuelle aux divers programmes de formation au choix d'une carrière fait ressortir des domaines où la réforme s'avère nécessaire. Cet article aborde deux questions fondamentales : (a) comment les programmes de formation au choix d'une carrière peuvent-ils être intégrés au curriculum du secondaire sans compromettre l'autonomie des élèves et la citoyenneté démocratique? et (b) comment de tels programmes peuvent-ils mieux préparer les élèves au secondaire à faire face aux défis contemporains que pose le monde du travail? La dernière section de l'article propose une série de réponses à ces deux questions clés

A Nonparametric Fitted Test For The Behrens-Fisher Problem

A nonparametric test for the Behrens-Fisher problem that is an extension of a test proposed by Fligner and Policello was developed. Empirical level and power estimates of this test are compared to those of alternative nonparametric and parametric tests through simulations. The results of our test were better than or comparable to all tests considered

Metatarsophalangeal joint pain in psoriatic arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Methods. Thirty-four consecutive patients with PsA (mean age 45.3 years, 65% female, mean disease duration 9.9 years) and 22 control participants (mean age 37.9 years, 64% female) underwent clinical and US examination to determine the presence of pain, swelling, synovitis, erosions, effusions and submetatarsal bursae at the MTP joints. Mean barefoot peak plantar pressures were determined at each MTP joint. Levels of pain, US-determined pathology and peak pressures were compared between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify demographic, clinical examination-derived, US-derived and plantar pressure predictors of pain at the MTP joints in the PsA group. Results. The presence of pain, deformity, synovitis, erosions (P < 0.001) and submetatarsal bursae and peak plantar pressure at MTP 3 (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the PsA group. MTP joint pain in PsA was independently predicted by high BMI, female gender and the presence of joint subluxation, synovitis and erosion. Conclusion. These results suggest local inflammatory and structural factors, together with systemic factors (gender, BMI), are predominantly responsible for painful MTP joints in PsA, with no clear role for plantar pressure characteristics